Biochemical Agro-industrial Waste Valorization in Favor of Animal Fodder Application

Amid rising global food insecurity problem, the need to develop livestock and animal wealth is increasingly pivotal. Compostable agricultural and agro industrial wastes, consisting primarily of lignocellulosic residues, offer a cheap alternative to conventional fodder or forage, aligning with circular economy and sustainability principles. Additionally, it is considered an environmentally friendly strategy through evading the pollution hazards ensued from the wastes’ indiscriminate disposal. Pre treatment (physical, chemical, or biological) enhances the inedible waste valorization by improving digestibility, accessibility of nutrients and reducing anti-nutritional factors that confer adverse impact on health and growth. Exogenous enzyme-assisted biochemical treatment standardizes leftover forage composition, enabling commercialization and maximizing its dietary value for both ruminants and monogastric animals. Microorganisms are the best candidates for hydrolytic enzymes production because of the efficient, fast, cost-effective, high yields, and presence of standard protocols for procuring them from heterologous producers via genetic engineering. This prospect requires optimizing scalability, economic feasibility, and food quality traits.