Фізіологічна адаптація студентів до умов воєнного стану: оцінка серцево-судинної системи

Under martial law in Ukraine and as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on the psychophysiological systems of students has increased significantly. Military operations, forced relocation, adaptation to new social conditions and educational environments pose serious challenges to students' physical and mental health. The state of the cardiovascular system deserves special attention, as it is key to ensuring the body's adaptive capacity. The purpose of the study was to assess the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system of students studying in Ukraine and Poland using the Kerdo vegetative index and Bayevsky's adaptive potential. Three groups of students took part in the study: Ukrainian students who stayed in Ukraine, Ukrainian students who went to study in Poland, and Polish students. The research methods included measuring heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) to calculate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) vegetative index (VCI), which allows to assess the balance of the autonomic nervous system, as well as determining the adaptive potential (AP), which reflects the level of stress of the body's regulatory mechanisms. In processing the obtained data, methods of variation statistics with the evaluation of Student's t-test were used. The results of the study showed that students who stayed in Ukraine had an increased level of sympathicotonia (mean VC = 15.3±2.1), which indicates a strain on the mechanisms of adaptation and high activity of the sympathetic nervous system. At the same time, students who moved to Poland had a lower level of VC (9.8±1.7), indicating partial adaptation to new conditions, but the persistence of stressful effects. In Polish students, the indicators of VIC (5.6±1.4) corresponded to the normotonic type of vegetative regulation. The analysis of adaptive potential revealed a state of intense adaptation in the majority of Ukrainian students in Poland, while students in Ukraine showed a tendency to breakdown of adaptive mechanisms. The findings indicate the need to implement comprehensive measures to support students' physiological and mental adaptation, including programs of psycho-emotional relief, health-saving technologies in the educational process, and monitoring of the cardiovascular system. Implementing such measures will help reduce stress and improve the health of students in crisis situations.