Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Damietta

Background: The relationship between sleep disorders and diabetes is bidirectional; sleep disorders can raise the risk of developing insulin resistance, while diabetes would worsen sleep quality. Aim of our study: The aim of this study is to assess high-risk obstructive sleep apnea and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Al-Azhar University Hospital Damietta. Methods: This was a nested case control study (cross sectional descriptive followed by case control study) carried out in Specialized Medical Hospital of Al-Azhar University diabetes mellitus outpatient clinic (OPC) and sleep disordered breathing unit OPC in chest department from January 2024 to September 2024 on 125 patients with type-2 diabetes. Results: The current study showed that the mean age of the studied patients was 51.53 years. There was a statistically significant difference between OSA and non OSA cases in terms of hypertension and BMI, as OSA cases tended to have higher number of hypertension patients and higher BMI (P=0.001 and P=0.05; respectively). Using Multivariate logistic regression analysis for independent predictors of OSA, we found that Chronic renal disease patients was the most common associated risk factor (OR=11.3, CI=1.9-57) heart failure (OR=5.4, CI=1.7-21.3) and then hypertension (OR=4.6, CI=1.5-15.5). Conclusion: When considered alongside previous evidence, this study indicates that Physicians should be particularly cognizant of the likelihood of OSA in patients with type-2 diabetes, especially among individuals with higher BMI, chronic renal disease and hypertension. In addition to known predictors of OSA chronic renal disease and hypertension were identified as risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.