Characteristics of trunk and pelvic kinematics during batting motion in baseball players with low back pain history

This study revealed that experienced players with no history of LBP showed a delay in the timing of trunk rotation to the batting side while increasing the trunk rotation angle to the non-batting side to efficiently transfer the rotational energy generated from the lower limbs to the trunk and the upper limbs. Conversely, players with a history of LBP might have repeated inefficient motion in the process of transferring rotational energy generated by the lower extremities, pelvis, and trunk to the upper extremities.