Caribbean and Latin dance: evidence about health in professional and non-professional dancers

Sports dance, an evolution of traditional couple dances into a competitive sporting discipline, encompasses a diverse range of genres. This study explores Caribbean and Latin American dances (CLADs), which highlight rich cultural heritages and offer significant health benefits. Through a scoping review, we synthesized findings from multiple studies on the physiological and psychological impacts of CLADs, both in competitive and recreational contexts. Our literature search, conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, identified 476 potential articles, of which 27 were selected for detailed analysis. These studies revealed that CLADs enhance motor coordination, self-awareness, body control, balance, and memory. The physical demands of these dances improve posture, flexibility, and cardiovascular health, comparable or superior to other forms of exercise. Specifically, studies demonstrated significant improvements in postural control, leg strength, and energy expenditure. Psychologically, dance interventions reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while boosting self-efficacy, motivation, and social cognition. The social and enjoyable nature of dance fosters mental well-being and cognitive function, especially in group settings. Despite challenges in adherence to physical activity, the intrinsic enjoyment of dance enhances participation rates and amplifies health benefits. The implications of these findings suggest that integrating dance into regular physical activity routines offers a holistic approach to health, addressing both physical and mental aspects. For older adults, dance maintains fitness and cognitive function, potentially reducing the healthcare burden associated with aging. The adaptability and minimal equipment requirements of dance make it accessible and practical for diverse populations.