Achieving energy resilience: Studying renewable and fossil fuel energy generation drivers and COPE-28 pathways of China

This study intends to determine the part played by energy production from renewable as well as fossil energy resources towards energy resilience in China, based on the guidelines of the COPE-28. This research has examined the relationship between energy generation and economic growth FDI for the period 2002 to 2021. The study employs correlation, persistence analysis, homogeneity analysis, unit root tests, ARDL bound testing technique, FMOLS, and robustness test exercises to ascertain the validity of the results. These findings suggested that there is a direct interaction between renewables deployment and energy resilience and the predisposition to fossil fuels as an impediment to long-term sustainability. The research findings confirmed that the use of renewable power increases resiliency while reliance on fossil fuels decreases sustainability. As a result, this study demonstrates the importance of an integrated approach to energy policy, where renewable energy is combined with a transition to fossil fuels over the longer term to underpin resilience objectives. The study findings are explicitly valuable for policymakers to help China change to sustainable energy management efforts. Therefore, policymakers need to incorporate research findings prudently in policy planning and execution. • The study inquiries about the distinctiveness of energy generation from fossil fuels and renewable energy in China with energy resilience to foster COPE-28 guidelines. • The findings of the study are robust and recommend multiple policy implications for key stakeholders developing energy strategies aligned with COPE-28. • The use of fossil fuels, particularly coal, is pervasive in China's energy landscape; the country consumes around 57.7 percent of its total energy.