Review of the most important fungal diseases occurring in forest nurseries in Poland in 2012–2021

A bstract The research conducted on the occurrence of fungal diseases in forest nurseries in Poland from 2012 to 2021 revealed significant insights. The study focused on tracking the trend in the change of disease areas and providing a comprehensive summary of each disease in terms of symptoms, host plants, and weather conditions. The findings highlighted the critical role of forest nurseries in rearing and producing tree seedlings for reforestation, emphasizing the need to limit pathogen spread to ensure the production of healthy and resistant seedlings. The analysis identified the most common fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew, needle-cast of pine, and their impact on various tree species. The study also emphasized the influence of climatic conditions on the development and spread of these diseases. Additionally, the research underscored the importance of adhering to hygiene rules, using high-quality seeds, and providing proper irrigation, aeration, fertilization, and weed control to mitigate the influence of abiotic factors on forest nurseries. The data from the annual monitoring of forest nurseries indicated a decreasing trend in the damaged area caused by pathogens, although the occurrence of diseases varied in intensity, potentially related to weather conditions. Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the incidence of fungal diseases in forest nurseries and highlighted the significance of monitoring and addressing these diseases to ensure sustainable forest management.