Changes in sowing structure of vegetable crops in Poland in 2018–2023

In recent years, Polish agriculture, including vegetable production, has undergone significant structural changes due to numerous economic, climatic and political factors. The aim of this article is to comprehensively analyse changes in the sowing structure of vegetable crops in Poland in 2018–2023, using data from the Central Statistical Office and the latest scientific literature. The study provides a detailed analysis of changes in the cultivated area of various vegetable species, including lettuce, spinach, radish, tomatoes, peppers, onions, and carrots. Key determinants influencing the structure of sowing include evolving climatic conditions, which necessitate adaptation to prolonged droughts or periods of intense rainfall, and amendments to the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy. Additionally, rising consumer awareness of environmental sustainability and the growing demand for healthy food have driven the expansion of vegetable crops with shorter growing cycles, such as baby leaf varieties (e.g., spinach and arugula) and lettuce. The analysis further highlights the role of technological advancements in transforming vegetable production, particularly through mechanization of harvesting processes and the adoption of innovative cultivation methods, such as the use of plastic tunnels. The findings suggest future trends in the vegetable production sector, emphasizing the increasing significance of organic farming and the promotion of local production to meet domestic market demands.