Multifunctional Chitosan/Cellulose/Tannic Acid Biocomposite Sponge with Excellent Biocompatibility for Rapid Hemostasis

Hemostatic materials should have efficient and rapid hemostasis, good biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. However, common hemostatic sponges often fail due to their weak mechanical strength, low biocompatibility, and slow hemostasis. Herein, we have developed novel and multifunctional chitosan/cellulose/tannic acid (CS/OMCC/TA) biocomposite sponges by a freeze-drying method without adding any chemical cross-linking agents. The water absorption rate of the biocomposite sponge is as high as 4404%, and the blood absorption rate is as high as 5460%. <i>In vitro</i> coagulation tests have shown that the coagulation ability of CS/OMCC/TA biocomposite sponges is significantly better than that of commercial hemostasis materials. DPPH radical scavenging test and antibacterial experiments demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Animal experiments showed that CS/OMCC/TA biocomposite sponges could rapidly hemostasize within 185 s and the blood loss was as low as 107 mg. These findings provide biocompatible and rapid hemostatic materials for the daily emergency trauma treatment and surgical hemostasis.