Pd nanoparticles and anionic Pd catalyst: Potent catalyst for Heck reaction

One of the paramount techniques in the arsenal of organic synthesis is catalysis involving palladium derivatives. Regardless of whether researchers intentionally design Pd nanoparticles, these structures can function as key precatalysts in the creation of common C C bonds. Additionally, recent research has demonstrated that anionic Pd complexes serve as effective catalysts for various catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Considering the importance of palladium nanoparticles and anionic palladium catalysts in the creation of C C bonds, in this review we have discussed the latest research on the use of palladium nanoparticles catalysts coupled with chitosan, pectin, chitin, MOFs, carbon nanotubes, Fe 3 O 4 , and Pd NPs based on complex as well as anionic Pd catalysts in the Heck reaction.