3D-Printed Occlusal Splints: A Narrative Literature Review

This narrative review explores the evolution of occlusal splint fabrication, focusing on the transition from traditional analog methods to modern digital workflows, incorporating scanning and 3D-printing technologies. It examines the advantages of 3D printing, including accuracy, efficiency, and patient comfort. The review also explores the materials and techniques involved in 3D-printing occlusal splints, from conventional acrylic splints and alginate impressions to more advanced computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. The available literature demonstrates that 3D printing accelerates the production of splints, offering greater customization while reducing material waste. However, challenges remain concerning the strength, biocompatibility, and durability of 3D-printed materials in the oral environment. While milled splints are known for their superior strength and longevity, 3D-printed splints provide increased flexibility and faster turnaround times, with printing orientation playing a crucial role in fit accuracy. In conclusion, 3D printing significantly enhances the procedure for creating occlusal splints, offering notable improvements over traditional methods. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to optimize the performance of 3D-printed materials and address durability concerns to match the longevity of milled splints.