Definition of the stressed-deformed state and dynamic parameters of filled-type expansion joints with rubber compensators

Expansion joints in road bridges are among the most critical structural elements of the bridge deck, whose technical condition affects the safety of vehicle traffic and the longevity of bridges. Components of expansion joints experience not only static but also continuous dynamic loads, leading to their gradual premature failure. The problem of calculating expansion joints under static and dynamic loads attracts researchers’ attention worldwide. This article describes the results of numerical modeling of the stress state of a single-profile expansion joint subjected to both static and dynamic loads, aimed at determining dynamic coefficients within a speed range of 0–40 km/h. The contact action between a truck wheel and a segment of the expansion joint structure is modeled using the ANSYS software package. Preliminary static calculations have shown that the most unfavorable scenario for the expansion joint occurs when the contact zone transmits load to one transition zone and the expansion joint on one side. The interaction between the wheels and the bridge span was modeled in ANSYS through a nonlinear contact type Frictionless, implying free sliding with the possibility of detachment from the surface. It has been established that the dynamic coefficient in the considered speed range depends nonlinearly on vehicle speed. Based on the results of the numerical experiment, conclusions were drawn regarding the application of an insufficient dynamic coefficient for the design of the expansion joint and the necessity for additional numerical and physical research and experiments aimed at: determining the influence of cart stiffness on the magnitude of the dynamic coefficient; accounting for nonlinear material properties in the pavement near the expansion joint; and increasing the range of considered speeds.