Relationship of Plankton Abundance to Hemocyte Profile and Phagocytic Activity of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) in Different Pond Management, East Java, Indonesia

Plankton is an important component of aquatic ecosystems that acts as natural food and water quality indicators, with distribution influenced by environmental factors such as nutrients, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. This study evaluated the spatial and temporal dynamics of plankton in supra-intensive, intensive, and traditional ponds, and their relationship to water quality and the health of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The results showed that supra-intensive ponds had the highest plankton abundance reflecting better ecosystem stability.