Surfactant-induced hole concentration enhancement for highly efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes
It is widely acknowledged that constructing small injection barriers for balanced electron and hole injections is essential for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, in highly efficient LEDs based on metal halide perovskites, a seemingly large hole injection barrier is usually observed. Here we rationalize this high efficiency through a surfactant-induced effect where the hole concentration at the perovskite surface is enhanced to enable sufficient bimolecular recombination pathways with injected electrons. This effect originates from the additive engineering and is verified by a series of optical and electrical measurements. In addition, surfactant additives that induce an increased hole concentration also significantly improve the luminescence yield, an important parameter for the efficient operation of perovskite LEDs. Our results not only provide rational design rules to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite LEDs but also present new insights to benefit the design of other perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Authors
- Carsten Deibel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3061-7234)
- Heyong Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-9838)
- Jiajun Qin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-2358)
- S. I. Simak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-389X)
- Bin Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-7625)
- Constantin Bach
- Yiqiang Zhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-2555)
- Xianjie Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-2774)
- Yipeng Tang
- Mats Fahlman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-3915)
- Tianxiang Hu
- Igor A. Abrikosov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-4717)
- Jia Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8875-5556)
- Yanyan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-9850)
- Feng wei Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-1740)
- Haoliang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-2250)
- Utkarsh Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-6189)
- Wei-Xin Ni
- Yu Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8159-8723)
Institutions
- Linköping University (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Chemnitz University of Technology (DE)
- San’an Optoelectronics (China) (CN)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2025-03-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02123-y
- Citations
- 21
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 15.34
Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Fudan University
- Linköpings Universitet
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Energimyndigheten
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme