Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Based on Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuel Reforming Gas: Effect of Cell Structure and Gas Composition

This work comprehensively analyzed how the thickness of the anode and the fuel gas compositions can alter the durability and electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) when they are operated on steam-reformed gas of hydrocarbons. The electrochemical tests and surface characterizations on the tested cells indicate that cell performance degradation is primarily associated with anode carbon deposition, which increases with a higher C2 gas content in the reforming gas. Additionally, the gas flow field simulation verified that reducing the anode thickness can effectively increase the surface steam content, thereby reducing carbon deposition and improving the stability of the fuel cell. The electrochemical performance of the cell is improved by the C1 composition in the reformed gas. The presence of CO and CO₂ gases promotes the adsorption of H₂ on the Ni metal surface, thereby reducing the polarization resistance of the anode. Meanwhile, CH₄ can release more energy during electrochemical oxidation, reducing the concentration of polarization. These results underscore the potential of utilizing reformed gases consisting of 70 vol % H₂, nearly 30 vol % CO, CO₂, and trace alkanes to function SOFCs. This approach may enhance power density, broaden fuel options, and provide practical solutions for the advancement and commercialization of SOFC technology.