Analysis of Structural Performance and Design Optimization of Prefabricated Cantilever Systems Under Traffic Loads

Prefabricated cantilever systems (PCSs) are essential for mountainous road infrastructure, yet their structural behavior under traffic loads remains insufficiently studied. This study innovatively integrates scaled experiments, finite element simulations, and field test data to develop and validate a full-scale PCS model under extreme traffic conditions. The results reveal that the beam–column junction is highly vulnerable to stress concentrations, risking concrete cracking. To address this, a novel prestressed reinforcement design is proposed, optimizing rebar placement to reduce local stresses and enhance structural integrity. Ultimate load analysis confirms that prestressing improves stiffness, load resistance, and ductility. This study provides a systematic framework for PCS optimization, promoting its application in complex engineering environments.