The actress was not on the balcony: testing the Pseudorelative-First Hypothesis in Spanish

Strategies for attachment resolution in double-antecedent relative clauses have been widely studied since the late 1980s, when a seminal study by Cuetos and Michell revealed that the principles of Late Closure and Minimal Attachment were met in some languages but not in others. These principles predicted a universal preference for low attachment whereas several studies obtained a high attachment preference in Spanish. Since then, high attachment preference has been reported in a variety of languages and with different methods. There have been several attempts at explaining high attachment preference, but none have succeeded. In 2014, the Pseudorelative-First (PR-First) Hypothesis was proposed: it claims that pseudorelative clauses (PRs) are the reason why some languages reveal a preference for high attachment. In this paper, we test the PR-First Hypothesis by means of two self-paced reading experiments in Spanish. Results (reading times and accuracy scores) show an overall preference for HA regardless of PR availability, indicating that the PR-First Hypothesis cannot account for the variation in attachment preferences found in the literature.

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Publication Details

Journal
Frontiers in Psychology
Published
2025-03-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1546432
Primary Topic
Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Type
article
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article

The actress was not on the balcony: testing the Pseudorelative-First Hypothesis in Spanish

Adam Zawiszewski, Marta De Pedis, Itziar Laka
Frontiers in Psychology
Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
article

The actress was not on the balcony: testing the Pseudorelative-First Hypothesis in Spanish

Adam Zawiszewski, Marta De Pedis, Itziar Laka
article en

Abstract

Strategies for attachment resolution in double-antecedent relative clauses have been widely studied since the late 1980s, when a seminal study by Cuetos and Michell revealed that the principles of Late Closure and Minimal Attachment were met in some languages but not in others. These principles predicted a universal preference for low attachment whereas several studies obtained a high attachment preference in Spanish. Since then, high attachment preference has been reported in a variety of languages and with different methods. There have been several attempts at explaining high attachment preference, but none have succeeded. In 2014, the Pseudorelative-First (PR-First) Hypothesis was proposed: it claims that pseudorelative clauses (PRs) are the reason why some languages reveal a preference for high attachment. In this paper, we test the PR-First Hypothesis by means of two self-paced reading experiments in Spanish. Results (reading times and accuracy scores) show an overall preference for HA regardless of PR availability, indicating that the PR-First Hypothesis cannot account for the variation in attachment preferences found in the literature.

Frontiers in PsychologyVol. 16
University of the Basque Country (ES)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 96%
Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
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The actress was not on the balcony: testing the Pseudorelative-First Hypothesis in Spanish — Adam Zawiszewski, Marta De Pedis, et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS