An assessment of EU’s photovoltaic panel waste policies: current framework and strategic vision for 2050

Abstract This study provides a comprehensive analysis of photovoltaic (PV) panel waste management, examining both technical aspects and legislative frameworks, particularly focusing on European Union (EU) regulations through 2050. The research addresses the challenges in recycling PV panels, including their extended lifespan and potential environmental risks from solvent emissions. The study emphasizes sustainable waste management practices and the critical need for effective recycling techniques under the EU’s Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. The research highlights the rapid growth of solar energy sector and its implications for waste management, stressing the importance of Extended Producer Responsibility policies. It critically evaluates the WEEE Directive’s limitations regarding PV panel segregation, recycling, and collection procedures. The study emphasizes the significance of public awareness and international cooperation for future waste management by 2050. Finally, it proposes specific amendments to EU legislation to enhance sustainability in social-ecological electricity generation and support global warming mitigation efforts.