Historical Evolution of Water Management in Liguria: From Agricultural Landscapes to Coastal Gardens

Liguria is an Italian region of the Mediterranean, consisting of a narrow hilly arc overlooking the sea, with only the Magra River having a significant water flow. Despite its limited territorial extension and the scarcity of surface water, Liguria has always been a land of great agricultural diversity. In the past, water use was defined by a contrast between the communal management of public resources and the individualism of private properties. This study focuses on the transformation of an arid landscape into fertile land through sustainable water management. The construction of terraces for cultivation on steep slopes, as well as the building of canals and cisterns for the ingenious use of water, are well documented through extensive historical records and cartography. Emblematic examples of water management include coastal agricultural systems (such as Cinque Terre and Chiavari), while in noble estates, water plays a crucial role not only in supporting Mediterranean vegetation through elaborate hydraulic systems but also in maintaining productive agricultural areas. Liguria’s centuries-old expertise in water management provides valuable insights for addressing contemporary challenges: integrating traditional practices with technological innovations can offer sustainable solutions for the future.