Synchronous Atmospheric Correction of Wide-Swath and Wide-Field Remote Sensing Image from HJ-2A/B Satellite

The Chinese HuanjingJianzai-2 (HJ-2) A/B satellites are equipped with advanced sensors, including a Multispectral Camera (MSC) and a Polarized Scanning Atmospheric Corrector (PSAC). To address the challenges of atmospheric correction (AC) for the MSC’s wide-swath, wide-field images, this study proposes a pixel-by-pixel method incorporating Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) effects. The approach uses synchronous atmospheric parameters from the PSAC, an atmospheric correction lookup table, and a semi-empirical BRDF model to produce surface reflectance (SR) products through radiative, adjacency effect, and BRDF corrections. The corrected images showed significant improvements in clarity and contrast compared to pre-correction images, with minimum increases of 55.91% and 35.63%, respectively. Validation experiments in Dunhuang and Hefei, China, demonstrated high consistency between the corrected SR and ground-truth data, with maximum deviations below 0.03. For surface types not covered by ground measurements, comparisons with Sentinel-2 SR products yielded maximum deviations below 0.04. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving image quality and accuracy, providing reliable data support for applications such as disaster monitoring, water resource management, and crop monitoring.