Study of the chemical components of CO2 extracts from the underground part of Ferula Asafoetida L.

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the CO2 extract obtained from the underground part of Ferula asafoetida L., a plant widely used in traditional Kazakhstani medicine, with a particular focus on the amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Materials and methods. The plant material was collected in accordance with current Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) guidelines and underwent thorough pre-processing. A subcritical CO2 extraction method was applied to preserve thermolabile and volatile components while minimizing solvent residues. Chemical analysis was performed using GC-MS, and the amino acid and fatty acid profiles were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) based on standardized methods. Results. The resulting CO₂ extract had a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (90.2 %), primarily oleic acid (46.1 %) and linoleic acid (43.0 %), along with a complete set of 20 amino acids, including 25.92 % essential amino acids. The major bioactive compounds identified were 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (18.61 %) and ethyl oleate (13.18 %), which have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest the extract’s suitability for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Conclusions. Although the extract shows promising potential for pharmaceutical applications, further verification through comprehensive pharmacological studies is necessary