CURRENT PREVALENCERATE OF ESBL PRODUCTION IN SALMONELLA TYPHI AMONG MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (MDR) STRAINS AT CITI LAB AND RESEARCH CENTER (CRC)

Background: This study is conducted to establish the epidemiology ofrate of occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi isolates during the whole period of the year. Methods: Among the 327 blood cultures samples 153 found to be MDR S.typhi isolates. For the identification of isolates API-20 E system was used, and Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion for antibiotic sensitivitywas applied. Double-disc synergy test was performed to check ESBL-production. Results: Susceptibility among anti-typhoid drugs of first-line was as follows: chloramphenicol (27.3%), ampicillin (21.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.8%). Among the quinolone ciprofloxacin susceptibility was lower at 31.5%. The number of MDR S. typhi isolates significantly increased from Jan 2020 to December 2024. Only five isolate 3.0% were identified as an ESBL producer. Conclusion: Throughout the yeartyphoid fever stays endemic. The highest incidence was observedduring hot seasons and was lowest in chilly season Although cephalosporins of 3rd generation have decreased the incidence of MDR S. Typhi. These cephalosporins, along with gentamycin and carbapenems were highly effective for MDRS. typhi.