How Does the Growth of Digital Technology Influence Farmland Abandonment? Evidence from Rural China

Farmland abandonment has become a significant challenge in global agriculture, with the issue being particularly severe in China. This phenomenon not only threatens food security but also contributes to various environmental problems. The rise of digital technology offers new opportunities to address this pressing issue. This study systematically analyzes the impact of digital technology on farmland abandonment from a micro-level perspective, using a nationwide survey of 3409 households. A multi-dimensional indicator framework is developed, incorporating digital general technology, digital information exchange, and digital functionality. Empirical models, including IV-Probit and 2SLS, were employed to analyze the data. The results show that digital technology plays a significant role in reducing farmland abandonment by increasing farmers’ income levels and encouraging the adoption of agricultural production services. Specifically, the use of digital tools enhances farmers’ income, which in turn strengthens their willingness to continue farming. Moreover, it facilitates access to agricultural production services, lowering production costs and improving land-use efficiency. The study also finds that the impact of digital technology on farmland abandonment varies depending on factors such as terrain, urban-rural divides, and farmer types. The suppressive effect of digital technology on farmland abandonment is more pronounced in non-plain areas, non-suburban regions, and among full-time or part-time farmers. Based on these findings, the study recommends expanding digital infrastructure, streamlining land transfers, implementing region-specific support, and enhancing policy incentives to integrate digital technologies with agriculture, reducing farmland abandonment. These measures are intended to effectively curb farmland abandonment and foster sustainable agricultural development.