Combined effect of rice husk ash and animal bone powder on strength and permeability of concrete

Concrete is a key component of construction, and its demand is rising quickly along with infrastructural development. Although cement and aggregates are still essential components for making concrete, the production of cement greatly increases CO2 emissions, necessitating the use of substitute materials to lessen the impact on the environment. As partial cement substitutes, rice husk ash (RHA) and animal bone powder (ABP) are viable alternatives. Animal bones, which are especially common in areas with high cattle populations, and rice husks, a byproduct of paddy production, are frequently discarded despite having useful qualities that can be used to improve concrete. With an emphasis on how they affect the material's permeability and strength, this thesis investigates the addition of RHA and ABP to concrete. Different RHA and ABP replacement amounts are examined through controlled experimentation to ascertain how they affect the properties of concrete following a predetermined curing period. The goal of this research is to determine the ideal combination that strikes a balance between environmental advantages and performance. In addition to improving the qualities of concrete, using RHA and ABP helps with waste management and pollution control. This strategy may help with sustainable building methods, reduce CO2 emissions, and encourage efficient use of resources by lowering dependency on conventional cement.