Human microplastic removal: what does the evidence tell us?

The increased levels of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) found in human brain tissue are alarming, particularly in patients with dementia. Although total avoidance of MNP exposure will likely remain an unattainable endpoint in light of their ubiquity in the environment, new studies indicate feasible pathways by which dietary intake may be decreased or clearances improved. This commentary reviews the evidence on human exposure to MNPs, their tissue penetration, and potential health effects, particularly on neurotoxicity. We will explore evidence-based strategies for reducing exposure through dietary and lifestyle changes while addressing key gaps in our current knowledge calling for additional research.