Equivalence vs. adaptation: the dilemma of translating the culture-bound word ,,Mărțișor” into English

The mărțișor, an ancient Romanian symbol of spring and renewal, is a decorative object fashioned from two intertwined threads, one white and one red. It symbolizes vitality, luck, purity, and joy. However, translating this term into English and other languages presents considerable difficulty. No direct equivalent exists that fully encapsulates the cultural significance and complexity of the mărțișor. Proposed translations, such as ,,March thread” or ,,March luck charm” in English, and ,,Alice Amulette de Mars” and ,,Talisman de mars” in French, fail to capture its full meaning. Consequently, translators frequently employ supplementary explanations and detailed descriptions to convey the cultural meaning and symbolism inherent in the mărțișor. In 2017, UNESCO formally recognized the mărțișor by including it in its List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This inclusion increased international awareness; however, the challenges inherent in translation persist, underscoring the complexity and richness of this Romanian tradition. Scholarly examination of the mărțișor explores the concepts of equivalence and adaptation in translation. A review of pertinent literature suggests that cultural adaptation and further explanation are necessary to faithfully convey the meaning of mărțișor. An analysis of twenty-two sources featuring English translations of texts referencing the mărțișor reveals a diversity of translation strategies and emphasizes the importance of respecting cultural nuances. Ultimately, the study concludes that adapting translations is essential for effective and authentic intercultural communication.