Diagnostic biomarkers in workers exposed to ethylene oxide

Introduction. The leading adverse factor in the production of ethylene oxide is air pollution in the work area (ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, dichloroethane, ethylene) during technological operations related to equipment depressurization. Oxides are highly toxic compounds with a risk of acute inhalation poisoning and have irritating, narcotic, general toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The identification of early signs of exposure to low concentrations of ethylene oxide on the body of workers in order to timely carry out therapeutic and preventive measures is relevant. The study aims to explore laboratory biomarkers, criteria of changes when exposed to ethylene oxide on the body of workers. Materials and methods. The scientists conducted a study at a petrochemical plant. To identify early signs of the influence of environmental factors on the body of the examined, the authors conducted an in-depth hematological, biochemical and immunological examination of 219 ethylene oxide production workers. Results. Experts identified informational laboratory markers when exposed to harmful industrial factors in the production of ethylene oxide: excess of the average content of reticulocytes (9.9%), lymphocytes (34.2%), monocytes (6.9%) from the control values, increased alkaline phosphatase (29.8%), total protein (25.9%), decreased albumin levels (by 17.8%), α1‑globulins (by 32.8%), α2-globulins (by 19.0%), β-globulins (by 15.5%), with a simultaneous increase in the level of γ-globulins (by 6.9%), a decrease in the average level of class A immunoglobulins (36.1%), Class M (22.9%), Class J (38.1%), phagocytosis (75.5%), increased lysozyme activity (by 97.5%). Limitations. The study is limited by the number of respondents (219 workers). Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, the researchers identified biomarkers characterized by high diagnostic information content when exposed to harmful industrial factors, reflecting changes in peripheral blood parameters, biochemical status, cellular and humoral immunity in ethylene oxide production workers. The identified diagnostic complexes make it possible to justify measures to establish monitoring of the health status of employees. Ethics. The study was approved at the meeting of the bioethical Commission of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology dated 04/18/2024 No. 02-04.