Why and when entrepreneurs with calling perform better? The effects of calling and money motivation on entrepreneurial performance

Although calling is frequently stated in entrepreneurial practice, empirical study examining the impact of calling on entrepreneurial activities is scarce. Based on self-regulation theory, two-wave survey is administered among 174 Chinese entrepreneurs to investigate the influence of calling on entrepreneurial performance. The results indicate that calling has a significant and positive impact on entrepreneurial performance of entrepreneurs. Innovative behavior mediates the positive association between calling and entrepreneurial performance. Money motivation negatively moderates the indirect effect of calling on entrepreneurial performance via innovative behavior. Precisely, the positive effect of calling on entrepreneurial performance via innovative behavior is stronger at low level of money motivation. This study theoretically enriches the understanding of factors driving entrepreneurial performance and extends the application of calling to the entrepreneurial field.