Research on the early warning method of high-voltage cable faults based on laser absorption spectroscopy technology

High-voltage cables play a crucial role in the power transmission system, and the safety of their operation is directly related to the stability and reliability of the power grid. However, high-voltage cables are easily affected by the environment, load and other factors during long-term operation, resulting in partial discharges, thermal faults, insulation aging and other problems, which in turn lead to serious power accidents. In order to detect potential faults early and provide early warnings, this paper investigates a high-voltage cable fault warning method based on laser absorption spectroscopy technology. The method captures the concentration changes of characteristic gases (e.g., hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene) under fault modes such as partial discharge, thermal fault, and insulation aging by real-time detection of trace gases generated by the decomposition of cable insulation materials. The changes of gas concentrations with time under different fault modes were experimentally investigated, and a fault warning system was designed based on these changes. The experimental results show that the method can sensitively detect gas concentration changes at the ppm level and provide early fault warnings, thus greatly improving the accuracy of fault identification and the safety of cable operation.