Genomic Insights into Cobweb Disease Resistance in Agaricus bisporus: A Comparative Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Strains

<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, a globally cultivated edible fungus, faces significant challenges from fungal diseases like cobweb disease caused by <i>Cladobotryum mycophilum</i>, which severely impacts yield. This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of disease resistance in <i>A. bisporus</i> by comparing the genomes of a susceptible strain (AB7) and a resistant strain (AB58). Whole-genome sequencing of AB7 was performed using PacBio Sequel SMRT technology, and comparative genomic analyses were conducted alongside AB58 and other fungal hosts of <i>C. mycophilum</i>. Comparative genomic analyses revealed distinct resistance features in AB58, including enriched regulatory elements, specific deletions in AB7 affecting carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and unique cytochrome P450 (CYP) profiles. Notably, AB58 harbored more cytochrome P450 genes related to fatty acid metabolism and unique NI-siderophore synthetase genes, contributing to its enhanced environmental adaptability and disease resistance. Pan-genome analysis highlighted significant genetic diversity, with strain-specific genes enriched in pathways like aflatoxin biosynthesis and ether lipid metabolism, suggesting distinct evolutionary adaptations. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis underlying disease resistance in <i>A. bisporus</i>, offering a foundation for future breeding strategies to improve fungal crop resilience.