Development of a High-Sensitivity Triple-Band Nano-Biosensor Utilizing Petahertz Metamaterials for Optimal Absorption in Early-Stage Leukemia Detection

This research focuses on designing a novel miniaturized biosensor for early-stage detection of leukemia. The proposed sensor operates in the low petahertz (PHz) range. The primary prerequisites for the development process include multiband operation, compact physical size, near-perfect absorption at resonant frequencies, and insensitivity to the angle of incidence. These features are crucial for ensuring high-performance operation in microwave imaging (MWI) and have been achieved through meticulous design of the absorber’s geometry and dimensions. The sensor incorporates a dipole and two rings made of gold or silver, implanted on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) dielectric substrate with a fully metallic backplane. The evolution of the biosensor’s topology is detailed, along with comprehensive simulation studies conducted using a commercial full-wave electromagnetic (EM) solver. The operating principles are explained through parametric studies, analysis of absorption and refraction characteristics, discussions of electric and magnetic fields, and surface current density distributions. The device’s suitability for blood cancer diagnostics is demonstrated through full-wave analysis of the MWI system, highlighting the sensor’s ability to discriminate between healthy and cancerous samples through noticeable frequency shifts in absorption responses. Extensive comparisons with the state-of-the-art biosensors reported in recent literature show that the proposed device significantly improves spectral properties and achieves remarkable spatial resolution due to its PHz range operation when compared to the benchmark.