Developing an intelligent framework with Blockchain capabilities for environmental monitoring using a CubeSat

Abstract Satellites have revolutionised the way that the planet’s environment is monitored via a unique perspective from above. Indeed, environmental monitoring is crucial for understanding and addressing the complex challenges facing the planet, which helps in decision-making and ensuring a sustainable future. Thus, this work aims to develop an intelligent model that includes artificial neural networks and deep learning approaches that are coupled with Blockchain capabilities for secure environmental monitoring using a CubeSat. The CubeSat, which is a small satellite platform, is equipped with a designed communication payload, including an adaptive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output antenna as well as an High Definition (HD) camera for better connectivity and precision aerial imaging. The proposed solution is simulated, tested, and validated from four scenarios, namely, water detection, tree counting and vegetation assessment, and oil spill detection. Ensuring the security and integrity of the data transmitted between the CubeSat and the ground station is of paramount importance; this is where Blockchain technology comes into play. The obtained results show high accuracy in monitoring environmental surfaces like water, trees, and coasts in an effective and rapid deployment fashion. Also, performance indicators of the Blockchain ensure data integrity and retrieval efficiency. Combining these technologies provides a valuable contribution to environmental monitoring.