Correlation between Biopsychosocial Factors and Quality of Life in Individuals with Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia

Background The quality of life for those with a medical history of chronic illnesses such as hypertension is influenced by various factors. In addition to physical health, the biopsychosocial model underscores that hypertension arises from a multifaceted interplay of biological, psychological, and social elements. This study aims to determine the correlation between biopsychosocial factors and the quality of life of hypertensive individuals. Methods A total of 204 participants who met the inclusion criteria at Medan City Health Center were included in this study. Modified PSS-10, MSPSS, Bortner Rating Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were used to support variable assessment. Variables were tested with chi-square and logistic regression analyses to assess the association between biopsychosocial factors such as age, education level, occupation, income, social support, stress level, and others on the quality of life of hypertensive patients. Results The majority of respondents had a good quality of life (52.5%). There was an association between sports activities (0.004), stress level (0.013), social support (0.023), education level (p=0.045), and income (p=0.036) with quality of life. Patients with income >3,000,000 (OR 2.9; CI 95%), moderate stress level (OR 2.7; CI 95%), working as an employee (OR 2.7; CI 95%), high social support (OR 2.2; CI 95%) and exercise >3x a week/1>50 minutes a week (OR 2.1; CI 95%) had better quality of life. Conclusion Stress levels, income, social support, exercise activities, and occupation contribute to an improved quality of life.