Effect of aerobic exercise combined with dietary intervention on fat loss effect and the regulatory mechanism of serum irisin in adolescent obese rats based on aerobic exercise combined with dietary intervention

Introduction: Obesity not only affects the physical health of adolescents, but may also lead to psychological and social problems. Treatment strategies for adolescent obesity have become particularly important. Increasing evidence suggests that exercise training, especially aerobic exercise, can not only improve obesity, but may also affect obesity and metabolic diseases by regulating hormone levels in the blood. Objectives: The relationship between aerobic exercise combined with dietary intervention and irisin was analyzed by observing the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary intervention on body weight, body fat, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue protein expression in obese rats. Methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet quiet, low-fat diet quiet control, low-fat diet aerobic exercise, high-fat diet aerobic exercise. During the intervention period, the high-fat group continued to be fed high-fat diet and the low-fat group was fed low-fat diet. Aerobic exercise was performed in the exercise group, and the relevant indexes were tested at the end of the intervention. Results: Rats in the aerobic exercise and low-fat eating intervention group had considerably lower body weights and body fat percentages than rats in the low-fat feeding calm group (P < 0.01). Serum irisin levels were higher in the aerobic exercise intervention group than in the quiet group (P < 0.05). Compared to the quiet group, the aerobic exercise intervention group’s soleus muscle showed a significantly greater expression level of associated proteins (P < 0.05). Moreover, rats in the aerobic exercise group had significantly higher levels of associated protein expression in their white fat at the perirenal area than rats in the quiet group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lower dietary fat content significantly reduced body weight and body fat percentage in rats, and the fat loss effect was more obvious when combined with aerobic exercise. Therefore, the combination of aerobic exercise and dietary intervention can be used as an effective fat loss modality for adolescent obese adolescents.