A Study on Reasons for Caesarian Section in a Private Hospital in Khulna, Bangladesh

Background: The rate of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years. While C-sections are sometimes medically necessary, their growing prevalence raises concerns about overuse and accessibility. Various factors, including medical, social, economic, and institutional influences, contribute to the high rate of C-sections in the country. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the causes and factors influencing the rise of C-sections among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a randomized prospective study conducted between 2018 and 2020 at Khalishpur Clinic. A total of 532 pregnant women were enrolled, and data were collected from patient records including demographic details, medical history, and reasons for undergoing a C-section. The study analyzed the frequency and distribution of various factors contributing to C-section deliveries, and statistical analysis was performed to identify the most common causes. Results: Among the 532 pregnant women, 413 (77.5%) underwent C-section, and 119 (22.5%) had a normal delivery. The mean age at delivery was 24.2 years (SD 4.6). The leading cause for C-sections was patient request, accounting for 41.5% of cases (n=171), of which 34.1% had no complications and 7.4% had minor complications. Other notable causes included premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (11.9%), post-dated pregnancy (9.7%), and previous C-sections (9.0%). Additionally, 27.6% of C-sections were performed due to other medical reasons. Conclusion: The study found a high rate of C-sections in Bangladesh, with a significant proportion being elective, driven by patient preference. This highlights a cultural shift towards viewing C-sections as a safer, more predictable form of delivery. The findings emphasize the need for improved prenatal care, particularly in rural areas, and greater public awareness regarding the risks and benefits of different delivery methods. Addressing both medical and socio-cultural factors is essential for reducing unnecessary C-sections and promoting safer, evidence-based childbirth practices.