INTERACTIVE METHODS: NATURE AND PEDAGOGICAL BASIS

Interactive methods consist of active teaching approaches aimed at increasing interaction between teachers and students in the learning process. Unlike traditional teaching approaches, these methods ensure that students are more involved during class and learn knowledge and skills based on experience. Interactive teaching methods are based on the principle that pupils or students are at the center of the pedagogical process and encourage learners to play an active role. The main goal of such approaches is not only the transfer of theoretical knowledge, but also the application of this knowledge in practice and the development of students' ability to think creatively. The active learning approach, which is the basis of interactive methods, maximizes the participation of students in the learning process. This approach requires students to be active participants rather than passive listeners. Learners acquire knowledge not only by listening, but also by asking questions, completing tasks and conducting discussions. One of the important features of interactive methods is that they are based on cooperation. Students work in small groups on joint tasks, solve various problems and exchange knowledge. This ensures not only the sharing of knowledge, but also the development of students' social skills. Cooperation and team work enable students to work together and master the team spirit required by the modern era. This method focuses on setting specific problems before students and investigating ways to solve those problems. This approach encourages students to think critically, analyze situations, and develop decision-making skills. Problem-based learning provides opportunities to solve problems that may arise in real life, not based on theory, but with practical approaches. Discussions and debates are one of the widespread forms of interactive methods. This method allows students to express their opinions, defend their opinions with arguments, and approach different topics from different perspectives. During discussions, students learn to think critically, draw logical conclusions, and respect other people's points of view.