Maternal Knowledge and Practices in Caring for Children under Five with Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

Introduction: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five in many low- and middle-income countries. Maternal knowledge and practices play a crucial role in early detection and management. Objective: This study aimed to enhance evidence-based practices for pneumonia prevention in children. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 mothers of children under five receiving pneumonia treatment at the National Children’s Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured interview questionnaire. Results: 83% of mothers demonstrated comprehensive knowledge of pneumonia’s clinical definition; 90.7% correctly identified its primary causes; 82.7% recognized cough as a key symptom, and 87.7% understood potential complications; 98% reported appropriate responses to early pneumonia signs, with 93% adhering to correct symptomatic management. However, knowledge gaps persisted: only 71.7% identified pneumonia risk factors, 48.7% recognized chest indrawing as a critical symptom, and 50% understood supportive measures for cough management. Conclusion: While the study highlights strengths in maternal knowledge and clinical practices, critical gaps remain, particularly in symptom recognition and risk factor awareness. Strengthening maternal education, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and improving pediatric healthcare access may reduce pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality.