Design, Simulation, and Performance Evaluation of a High-Directivity Microstrip Patch Antenna with a 2.5GHz for Modern Wireless Communication Systems

The rapid development of communication technology plays a vital role in the modern world. Thus, to accomplish this goal, there is a need to design high directivity-low cost-lightweight-coated antennas to provide modern wireless communication. The microstrip patch antenna fully meets the above-mentioned needs because of its low profile and flexibility of integration with the desired and superior technology of printed electronics. The design and analyses of a microstrip patch antenna have been done and optimized for 2.5 GHz operation for applications such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite systems. The primary performance parameters-return loss, gain, radiated power, and directivity-were evaluated in CST Microwave Studio. The proposed design employs dielectric material with a 4.3 relative permittivity to best enforce proper performance with structural simplicity. The simulation results indicate an extremely good directivity of 6.45 dBi with a VSWR equal to 1.023 at 2.5 GHz, which is indicative of good impedance matching. The antenna has a small form factor and decent performance, but it is still promising to serve wireless communication systems in the years to come. The study aims to introduce considerable factors in antenna performance: dimension, substrate selection, and feeding mechanisms, establishing a cogent basis for future advancements in antenna design. Further work will be done to increase communication bands in the design and optimally enhance antenna efficiency for modern wireless applications.