The Crucial Role of Mutant and Immunodeficient Mouse Strains Selection in Biomedical Research: A Mini-review of Main Strains

The selection of appropriate mutant and immunodeficient mouse strains is paramount in biomedical research, significantly impacting the validity and translatability of experimental findings. This systematic review examines key mouse strains frequently employed in immunological and biochemical studies, highlighting the critical role of strain-specific characteristics in experimental design. We explore the genetic and phenotypic diversity among strains, emphasizing how variations in immune response, metabolism, behavior, and disease susceptibility influence research outcomes. Focusing on prominent examples like SCID, Nude, and NOD mice, we discuss their unique strengths and limitations in various research contexts, including transplantation, tumor xenografts, and type 1 diabetes models. The review underscores the necessity of aligning strain selection with specific research objectives, considering factors such as target phenotype, gene-environment interactions, compatibility with experimental techniques, and ethical implications. Furthermore, we address the inherent limitations of murine models and emphasize the importance of rigorous phenotypic characterization to ensure the relevance and reproducibility of preclinical studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of major mouse strains, offering researchers a valuable resource for informed decision-making in animal model selection and ultimately contributing to the advancement of biomedical knowledge.