Tea polysaccharides as multifunctional bioactive compounds: Biomechanical effects of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on life and health

The extraction method and bioactivity of tea polysaccharides from waste tea leaves and stems were investigated, with a particular focus on their biomechanical influence. Firstly, the extraction of tea polysaccharides was carried out using subcritical water, and the impact of various extraction conditions on the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharides was examined. Subsequently, this study evaluated the antioxidant activity of extracted tea polysaccharides using hydroxyl radical scavenging methods, and analyzed their effects on cell growth through cell viability experiments. In addition, the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels on anti-inflammatory effects were measured. The immunomodulatory effects of tea polysaccharides were further explored through immune function assays. Moreover, the biomechanical properties of cells, such as their elasticity, membrane stiffness, and tissue flexibility, were assessed to understand the impact of tea polysaccharides on cellular and tissue mechanics. All data were subjected to statistical analysis to ensure the reliability of the experimental results. The findings indicate that tea polysaccharides possess significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and biomechanical properties, providing a reference for the resource utilization of waste tea leaves and stems, as well as potential application value for the development of new health products with integrated biomechanical benefits.