Fostering renewable energy use through smart city construction: The role of National Innovation Systems

In recent years, China has made significant progress in building smart cities and promoting renewable energy. This study examines the impact of smart city construction on renewable energy use, using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2022 and employing a panel quantile regression model. The results indicate that smart city construction significantly enhances renewable energy use, particularly in regions with previously low utilization levels. For instance, in the 25th percentile of low utilization regions, smart city construction contributes to an increase of over 12 % in renewable energy usage. Additionally, the National Innovation System (NIS) plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between smart city construction and renewable energy use, fostering technological innovation and policy support. Based on these findings, the paper provides policy recommendations tailored to different regional contexts, emphasizing the strengthening of smart city infrastructure and optimization of the NIS to facilitate energy transition and sustainable development. This study offers empirical evidence for academic research and valuable policy insights for governments and policymakers. • This study explores the relationship between smart city construction and renewable energy, providing empirical evidence on their effects. • The findings show that the National Innovation System (NIS) moderates the relationship between smart cities and renewable energy, enhancing innovation and support. • The study provides policy recommendations to strengthen smart city infrastructure and NIS, promoting efficient energy transition and sustainability.