A PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF FLORA AND FAUNA AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE COASTAL ECOSYSTEM OF PANTAI BATU HITAM, PAHANG, MALAYSIA

This preliminary observational study examines the biodiversity and human impact on the coastal ecosystem of Pantai Batu Hitam, situated along the east coast of Pahang, Malaysia. Conducted on April 28, 2024, the study involved photographing marine and terrestrial flora and fauna along the beach to document and identify species through taxonomic classification using digital tools and field guides. A total of 24 species were identified across 14 families, highlighting the ecosystem’s rich diversity, including notable plant-animal interactions. In addition to species documentation, evidence of human activities such as tourism and infrastructure development was observed, with particular concerns regarding plastic pollution and habitat degradation. These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation efforts and sustainable practices to protect Pantai Batu Hitam’s biodiversity while addressing the challenges posed by human activities. This study contributes to understanding the balance required between ecological preservation and local development in coastal regions.