Efficiency of nano-fertilizer based on bound carbon in improving crop nutrition

Goal. To study the biological efficiency of nano-fertilizers based on bound carbon on the stimulation of growth processes and coefficients of consumption of basic nutrients from mineral fertilizers. Methods. The study was carried out in laboratory and field experiments in 2023–2024. The laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different doses (concentrations of the solution) of nano-fertilizers on the sowing qualities of wheat, soybean, and cucumber seeds. In the field experiment on the typical chornozem, they studied the effect of seed treatment and foliar feeding of crops on winter rape, and the efficiency of consumption of nutrients from mineral fertilizers. Results. The high efficiency of nano-fertilizers based on bound carbon used in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds and as foliar feeding on vegetative plants in combination with mineral fertilizers was established. The optimal concentrations of nano-fertilizer for pre-sowing treatment of wheat, soybean, and cucumber, as well as the most effective combination of mineral and nano-fertilizer for sowings of winter rape were determined. A significant improvement in the consumption of the main nutrients with mineral fertilizers by plants of rape during the growing season was proven by adding nano-fertilizer to the fertilizer system. Conclusions. Recommended doses of nano-fertilizer for pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds were 2 l/t, soybeans, and cucumber — 5 l/t. Adding carbon-based nano-fertilizer to the fertilizer system of winter rape contributed to an increase in its crop by 0.74–1.35 t/ha. The coefficients of use of nutrients from mineral fertilizers increased by 1.2–2.5 times, and the agronomic efficiency of mineral fertilizers — by 2.9 times.