Energy-Efficient Cluster Formation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor nodes that are wireless are extremely energy-constrained devices. Due to a number of sensor node limitations, including size and cost, their battery life is limited. Furthermore, the majority of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications make it impossible to recharge or swap out sensor node batteries. Thus, one of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks is making the best use of node energy. An efficient way to maximize node energy utilization and extend the lifespan of an energy-constrained wireless sensor network is to cluster sensor nodes. In order to extend the lifespan of sensor networks, we present a location-based protocol for WSNs in this paper that supports energy-efficient clustering, cluster head selection/rotation, and data routing. With the fewest transmit-receive operations, the suggested clustering technique guarantees balanced size cluster formation within the sensing field. Even though the cluster head and sensor nodes in a cluster have different energy needs, the cluster head rotation protocol guarantees balanced node energy dissipation. In order to establish balanced energy consumption across the cluster's nodes and so extend the network's lifespan, the cluster head rotation protocol has been devised. Simulation findings show that by using effective clustering, cluster head selection/rotation, and data routing, the suggested protocol extends network lifetime.