Theory of Systems and Understanding Keratoconus A Comparative Approach with Marfan Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Immune System Inflammatory Factors

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia driven by genetic, oxidative, and inflammatory mechanisms. This study employs systems theory and Bayesian modeling to dissect KC’s genetic overlaps with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Down syndrome (DS). Key findings include population-specific genetic associations (PNPLA2 in Europeans vs. Han Chinese/Saudis), chaotic entropy in DS-KC interactions, and inflammatory drivers (IL-6, TNF-a). Bayesian frameworks refine genetic risk predictions (70% posterior probability for PNPLA2 in Europeans), while entropy quantifies systemic instability (adjusted to 1.06 nats for consistency). This work advocates multi-omics strategies to stabilize corneal networks.