Examining the <i>Saraca asoca</i> (<i>Caesalpinaceae</i>) Methanolic Leaf Extract for its Potential to Protect Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Cisplatin in Albino Rats

Background: Peripheral neuropathy, a debilitating side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy like cisplatin, manifests as severe neuropathic pain and functional impairments. Saraca asoca, a medicinal plant recognised for its neuroprotective properties, warrants exploration for its efficacy in mitigating Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). Aim: To evaluate the neuroprotective potential of S. asoca’s methanolic leaf extract against CIPN in albino Wistar rats and identify bioactive phytoconstituents responsible for these effects. Methods: twenty-four male Wister rats were divided into four groups: normal control, disease control (cisplatin 2mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving S. asoca methanolic leaf extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) alongside cisplatin for 28 days. Behavioural assessments (rotarod, grip strength, hanging wire tests, and others), haematological parameters (C-reactive protein), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione), and histopathological analysis of the sciatic nerve were conducted. Phytochemical screening and chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC) were employed to characterise the extract. Results: Saraca asoca treatment ameliorated cisplatin-induced behavioural deficits, restored oxidative stress parameters, and reduced C-reactive protein levels. Histopathological analysis showed improved nerve architecture with reduced inflammatory infiltration and myelin degeneration in treated groups, especially at 400mg/kg. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of neuroprotective constituents such as quercetin dehydrate. Conclusion: The methanolic leaf extract of S. asoca demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect against CIPN. CIPN by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological integrity. These findings highlight the potential of S. asoca as a complementary therapy for CIPN, warranting further investigation into its underlying mechanisms and clinical application. Major Findings: Saraca asoca leaf extract at 400 mg/kg significantly mitigated CIPN in rats by enhancing antioxidant defenses, reducing inflammation, and preserving nerve structure—resulting in improved behavioral performance and weight preservation. Quercetin dehydrate was identified as a key active compound contributing to these effects.