Performance comparison of EBG structured high gain microstrip antennas

In order to improve important performance parameters like gain, directivity, and radiation characteristics, this work explores the use of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures in microstrip patch antennas. Antenna efficiency is increased by suppressing surface waves and reducing backward radiation by adding EBG structures to the ground plane of the antenna. The study investigates the effects of several EBG designs on antenna performance, including square, swastika, crosshair, E-, S-, spiral, and L-shaped structures. A baseline Microstrip antenna without EBG, a single EBG element, a one- dimensional (1-D) array of EBG elements, and a two-dimensional (2-D) array of EBG elements are the four different design techniques used. Upon comparison, it is noticed that the L-shaped 3X3 EBG antenna exhibits high gain comparatively other structures. Using simulations, each configuration's gain, return loss (S11), and radiation patterns are examined.