Reliability and validity indices of the Cognitive Failure Scale (CFS) in an Egyptian-Saudi sample

This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Cognitive Failure Scale (CFS) among university students in Egypt (Menoufia University) and Saudi Arabia (Umm Al-Qura University) to provide a culturally appropriate assessment tool for Arab contexts. The sample included 557 Egyptian students and 200 Saudi female students who completed the scale via an online questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, split-half reliability) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). Results showed a convergence in the averages of cognitive failures between the two environments, with a high internal consistency (correlation coefficients significant at 0.01). Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability values were 0.943 and 0.921 for the Egyptian environment and 0.967 and 0.941 for the Saudi environment, confirming the reliability of the scale. Factor analysis revealed two factors in the Egyptian sample and three in the Saudi sample, indicating slight cultural variations. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the model’s fit with acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. The findings demonstrate the CFS as a reliable and valid tool for assessing cognitive failures in Arab university students, suitable for exploring factors like stress, learning strategies, and academic performance. The study recommends educational and psychological interventions to reduce cognitive failures and enhance student outcomes.