Recent advances in interfacial engineering for high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics

Through strategies such as process optimization, solvent selection, and component tuning, the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve over 25% power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, as PCE continues to improve, interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks, hindering further performance enhancements. Recently, interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress, pushing PCEs to nearly 27%. Building upon these developments, this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then, as a starting point, provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal, inverted, and tandem structure devices. Finally, based on the current progress of PSCs, preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.