Effect of Non-surgical Therapy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Biochemical Study

Introduction: Numerous enzymes have been suggested as indicators of periodontal disease. One of these is aspartate aminotransferase (AST), for which salivary analysis can provide an economical method of disease monitoring. Enzymatic activity variations are a reflection of inflammation-related metabolic alterations in the gingiva and periodontium. The objective of this research is to investigate the connection between the progression of periodontal disease and the levels of AST in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), as well as to compare the levels of AST in GCF before and after the first course of treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with persistent periodontitis participated in the trial. Before and after scaling and root planning (SRP) at 1 and 3 months, the biochemical activity of AST levels in GCF was measured. Clinical indicators and AST levels were connected. The four locations (mesial, palatal/lingual, facial and distal) of every tooth were used to record the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss degree. Results: Following nonsurgical periodontal therapy, all clinical indicators improved. After 3 months of periodontal therapy, the mean percentage of sites with PI, GI, PPD and clinical attachment level improved, suggesting that the treatment was successful in the sick groups. Compared to healthy sites, diseased sites had greater levels of GCF AST and following SRP, GCF AST levels were shown to have significantly decreased. In both groups, there was a strong and positive relationship between AST and clinical indicators. Conclusion: AST may be helpful in measuring the activity of periodontal disease, diagnosing it early and monitoring the results of periodontal therapy.